![]() ![]() photovoltaic panels, wind turbines), energy storage systems (e.g. Microgrid provides a promising and efficient solution by integrating various distributed RES (e.g. Nevertheless, with the high penetration rate of RES in an uncoordinated way, many technical and operational challenges may emerge, such as the deteriorated voltage profiles, reduction of frequency reserves, and congestions in transmission line. Meanwhile, the China’s National Development & Reform Commission (NDRC) has set a draft policy to increase the RES target from 20% to 35% by 2030. Similarly, the United States Department of Energy (DOE) has also set its RES target as 27% of renewable energy share by 2030. The main goals are to achieve a 40% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions compared to 1990 levels, at least 27% share of EU energy from renewables, and at least 27% improvement in energy efficiency. The European Commission has set its 2030 targets for the promotion of renewable energy sources (RES) inside the European Union (EU). With the urgency of offsetting the fossil fuel depletion and reducing the greenhouse gas emission, a worldwide effort has been made during the last decades. ![]() Based on the analysis, the research directions are then extracted in view of the challenges. The challenges and ongoing researches on FCs and FCs based microgrids are then reviewed. In this review paper, the advantages of integrating FCs into microgrids are summarized after recalling the knowledge background of FC. The challenges can be from the FC, the microgrid, and the integration of these two technologies. Along with the advantages carried by the combination of the two technologies, many challenges lying on multiple domains are faced in the process. Some ongoing projects have shown that FCs of different power scales can be integrated into microgrids smartly and in different manners. Among the applications, integrating FCs into microgrids has shown interesting advantages on improving the performance of microgrids and promoting the use of the hydrogen energy. Due to this, it is seen that FC, as a clean and efficient energy source, is penetrating into different fields. Some encouraging achievements in FC technology have been realized thanks to the efforts taken in the last years. Meanwhile, fuel cell (FC), as one promising power source, has redrawn the attention of both academia and industry since the beginning of 21th century. ![]() Since the last two decades, microgrid, as one typical structure in smart grid framework, has been receiving increasing attention in the world. ![]()
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